喜马拉雅山脉中段土地覆被的垂直分异特征     

张镱锂  吴雪  郑度 《地理学报》2020,75(5):931-948

喜马拉雅山脉中段的珠穆朗玛峰等地,海拔高差巨大、生境复杂多变、土地覆被类型多样且植被垂直带谱完整,是全球范围内研究土地覆被垂直变化的理想场所。本文基于30 m空间分辨率的土地覆被数据（2010年）和DEM数据,在ArcGIS和Matlab平台的支持下,提出并运用脊线法、样带法和扇区法3种山地南北坡划分方法,研究了喜马拉雅山土地覆被垂直分布与结构差异。结果表明：① 山地土地覆被分布具有明确的垂直地带性结构特征,喜马拉雅中部土地覆被垂直带谱为南六北四式,土地覆被垂直带谱中具有人类活动的特点。② 南北坡之间的土地覆被垂直带谱差异明显,南坡土地覆被类型完整多样,北坡相对简单;对同类型土地覆被而言,南坡较北坡分布高程低、幅度宽。③ 依据各类型分布面积比随海拔变化情况,土地覆被类型在南北坡上的垂直分布可分为4种模式：冰川雪被、稀疏植被和草地为单峰分布型,裸地为南单峰北双峰分布型。④ 3种划分方法中,南坡的土地覆被垂直带结构具有相似性,而北坡的土地覆被垂直带结构存在差异,扇区法较好地反映了土地覆被自然分布格局。  相似文献   

内蒙古鄂伦春旗东部主要农耕区土壤有机碳含量及主要影响因素分析     

贺鹏飞  魏明辉  李秋燕  张哲寰  许江 《地质与资源》2020,29(6):574-578

利用鄂伦春自治旗东部主要耕地区1：25万土地质量地球化学调查数据，查明了研究区内表层和深层土壤有机碳储量和有机碳密度分布特征，分析了研究区内土壤有机碳储量、有机碳密度与土壤类型、土地利用方式之间的关系，探讨了土壤类型和土地利用方式对土壤有机碳的作用机理.结果表明研究区内土壤有机碳含量分布不均，土壤类型和土地利用方式是土壤有机碳储量和有机碳密度的主要影响因素.  相似文献   

A model for integrated spatial land use characteristics linking to surface nutrient concentration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Erqi Xu 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(10):1064-1084

Quantifying land use heterogeneity helps better understand how it influences biophysical systems. Land use area proportions have been used conventionally to predict water quality variables. Lacking an insight into the combined effect of various spatial characteristics could lead to the statistical bias and confused understanding in previous studies. In this study, using spatial techniques and mathematical models, a diagnostic model was developed and applied for quantifying and incorporating three spatial components, namely, slope, distance to sampling spots, and arrangement. The upper catchment of Miyun Reservoir was studied as the test area. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand of water samples from field measurements were used to characterize the surface water quality in 52 sub-watersheds. Using parameter calibrations and determinations, combined spatial characteristics were explored and detected. Adjusted land use proportions were calculated by spatial weights of discriminating the relative contribution of each location to water quality and used to build the integrated models. Compared with traditional methods only using area proportions, our model increased the explanatory power of land use and quantified the effects of spatial information on water quality. This can guide the optimization of land use configuration to control water eutrophication.  相似文献   

藏北高原地区地表辐射出支和能量平衡的季节变化   总被引：15，自引：5，他引：10  

马伟强  马耀明  李茂善  Z.   《冰川冻土》2005,27(5):673-679

对青藏高原地区地表能量的研究是一个十分重要的问题.基于中日合作项目"全球协调加强观测计划之亚澳季风青藏高原试验"(CAMP/Tibet)在2001年8月至2002年9月的观测数据资料,分析研究了青藏高原藏北地区地表能量,即净辐射通量、感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量等的变化规律,获得了有关藏北高原地表能量的新认识.  相似文献   

Dynamic land use change simulation using cellular automata with spatially nonstationary transition rules   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yongjiu Feng  Xiaohua Tong 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(5):678-698

The dynamic relationships between land use change and its driving forces vary spatially and can be identified by geographically weighted regression (GWR). We present a novel cellular automata (GWR-CA) model that incorporates GWR-derived spatially varying relationships to simulate land use change. Our GWR-CA model is characterized by spatially nonstationary transition rules that fully address local interactions in land use change. More importantly, each driving factor in our GWR model contains effects that both promote and resist land use change. We applied GWR-CA to simulate rapid land use change in Suzhou City on the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2015. The GWR coefficients were visualized to highlight their spatial patterns and local variation, which are closely associated with their effects on land use change. The transition rules indicate low land conversion potential in the city’s center and outer suburbs, but higher land conversion potential in the inner near suburbs along the belt expressway. Residual statistics show that GWR fits the input data better than logistic regression (LR). Compared with an LR-based CA model, GWR-CA improves overall accuracy by 4.1% and captures 5.5% more urban growth, suggesting that GWR-CA may be superior in modeling land use change. Our results demonstrate that the GWR-CA model is effective in capturing spatially varying land transition rules to produce more realistic results, and is suitable for simulating land use change and urban expansion in rapidly urbanizing regions.  相似文献   

积雪升华过程对高寒湿地陆气相互作用的影响     

张海宏  苏永玲  姜海梅  晁红艳  苏文将 《冰川冻土》2018,40(6):1223-1230

利用青海玉树隆宝地区2014年12月积雪升华过程的观测资料,分析了积雪升华过程中高寒湿地陆气相互作用特征及积雪深度对陆气相互作用的影响。结果表明：在降雪和积雪升华过程中,高寒湿地浅层土壤温度在短时期内有所升高,而深层土壤温度和土壤体积含水量对降雪过程的响应不敏感。积雪升华过程中净辐射、感热通量和潜热通量的日平均值增加,向上短波辐射的日平均值减少。积雪逐渐升华导致地表吸收的能量增加,同时地表向大气传递的能量也随之增加。随着积雪的逐步升华,感热占比和潜热占比逐渐升高,而土壤热通量占比和热储存占比逐渐降低。积雪深度增加会导致地表反照率和地表比辐射率增大,感热输送系数减小。  相似文献   

黑龙江依兰地区蓝片岩相变质作用及其演化   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

韩晓萌  郑常青  徐学纯  韩玉宝  徐久磊 《岩石学报》2018,34(4):1139-1153

依兰地区蓝片岩作为黑龙江杂岩的重要组成部分,其变质作用演化问题一直存在较大争议。本文通过对依兰地区蓝片岩的岩相学及矿物微区化学成分的研究,并运用PERPLE_X软件,在Na_2O-CaO-K_2O-MnO-FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O-TiO_2-O(Fe_2O_3)(NCKMnFMASHTO)体系下对石榴石冻蓝闪石片岩(g-brs-wnc-act-phn-chl-ep-ab-stlp)、绿泥绿帘蓝闪石片岩(gl-brs-wnc-act-chl-ep-stlp)和白云母蓝闪石片岩(gl-wnc-phn-ab-ep-chl-sph)进行了相平衡模拟,并分别获得了500~525℃/1.14~1.2GPa、480℃/1.4GPa、450~500℃/0.95~1.2GPa峰期变质作用的温压条件,其峰期变质级别都达到了绿帘-蓝片岩相。结合前人发表的地球化学和年代学数据,建立了蓝片岩相岩石的顺时针变质演化P-T轨迹。研究区蓝片岩的形成标志着新生洋壳的俯冲作用,同时代表古亚洲洋构造域的结束和环太平洋构造域的开始。相平衡模拟中,P-T轨迹记录了峰期前温压条件递增的过程,温度峰期与压力峰期同时到达,说明蓝片岩相变质作用是在俯冲过程中实现的,而不是折返过程中达到的。减压阶段的轨迹近于平行追溯进变质轨迹,揭示与进变质过程相似的地热体制下(11～14℃/km),相对缓慢的抬升过程  相似文献   

南海北部潮汕坳陷侏罗系沉积特征及对储层的控制作用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

强昆生  张光学  张莉  吕宝凤  钟广见  冯常茂  易海  赵忠泉  杨振  鄢伟 《中国地质》2018,45(1):48-58

南海北部潮汕坳陷侏罗系具有很大的油气勘探潜力,沉积特征对其储层的发育具有明显的控制作用。通过对研究区最新地震资料精细解释,可以划分出4个典型地震反射界面和3个地震反射层,根据层序界面圈出侏罗系分布特征和残留厚度;通过地震相-沉积相转换对比分析研究,识别出侏罗纪地层不同时期的沉积相类型及其分布特征,重塑了潮汕坳陷侏罗系沉积演化史。该区主要发育5类沉积相、8种沉积亚相,其中滨岸三角洲前缘亚相和深水扇中亚相分别控制了碎屑流砂岩优质储层的发育;此外,浊流砂岩储层主要受控于物源供给的影响,距离三角洲砂体朵叶越近,滑塌浊积体数量越多,面积也越大。总体上,滨岸三角洲前缘亚相、深水扇中亚相和滑塌浊积体是研究区良好的储集相带,该类储集体由于埋藏较深加之被泥岩覆盖,对油气聚集较为有利。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal Distribution of Three Kinds of Flash Droughts over Agricultural Land in China from 1983 to 2015   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiang Zhang  Nengcheng Chen  Chuli Hu  Xiaoting Peng 《地球科学进展》2018,33(10):1048-1057

At present, flash drought occurs globally and regionally and causes a lot of socio-economic loss in a very short time. Therefore, flash drought has been regarded as one of the hottest issues in drought research. However, flash drought monitoring, prediction and decision-making have encountered a lot of challenges due to its multiple driven factors and complex spatio-temporal process. Aiming at this problem, this paper focused on the agricultural land in China, and analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution of three kinds of flash droughts (i.e., precipitation-deficit, high-temperature, and composite flash droughts) from 1983 to 2015. We studied the occurrences, duration, spatial distribution, temporal distribution, and trend of all three kinds of flash droughts. Our results demonstrated that, the occurrences of flash drought agricultural land in China increased year by year, among which high-temperature flash drought increased dramatically; duration of flash droughts had different trends, but the variations were relatively smooth; Northeast China was identified as a vulnerable area of flash drought, indicating more flash drought events and longer duration; flash droughts in China were found to concentrate in spring (high-temperature drought) and summer seasons (precipitation-deficit drought). This study is helpful for building new flash drought monitoring method and system, and it is also valuable for flash drought preparedness on regional scale.  相似文献   

重度石漠化区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

朱梓弘  杨程  谢银财  王群  朱同彬 《中国岩溶》2018,37(6):842-849

本文以云南省蒙自市西北勒乡碧色寨村石漠化土地为研究对象,基于主成分分析法（PCA）研究岩溶石漠化区不同土地利用方式下的土壤养分特征。结果表明:（1）研究区土壤各养分指标变异系数介于0.14~1.76,不同土地利用方式下,土壤养分状况有较大差异;（2）研究区土壤12项养分指标可归结为3个主成分,所提供的信息占全部信息的90.69%,其中PC1主要包含了全磷、有效磷、速效钾和有效锰,PC2主要综合了有机碳、全氮、全钙和有效锌,有效铁对PC3具有较大的贡献。（3）对不同用地类型土壤养分的主成分得分进行排序,由大到小依次为火龙果地>林地>封育草地>玉米地,表明植树造林及火龙果种植等方式能有效改善石漠化区的土壤养分状况。建议对样区的石漠化治理应以封山育土为前提,以生态恢复为目的,通过种植火龙果与修复林地改善样区土壤状况,逐步形成生态环境与社会经济协调发展的石漠化综合治理体系。   相似文献